Selecting cells, ranges, and navigating with arrow keys

e.g. Click cell A1, drag to D10, press Ctrl+Arrow

Bold, colors, borders, number formats (RM, %, dates)

e.g. Make the header row bold green with thick borders

Writing basic formulas like =A1+B1 or =A1*1.06

e.g. Calculate price + 6% SST in one formula

Using SUM, AVERAGE, COUNT, MAX, MIN to summarise a range

e.g. =SUM(B2:B100) for monthly total sales

Sorting columns and applying filters to rows

e.g. Sort customers A-Z, filter only orders > RM 500

Adjusting widths and inserting/deleting rows or columns

e.g. Add a new column between A and B without breaking formulas

Using Paste Special (values, formats, transpose)

e.g. Paste numbers only — drop the formulas

Writing IF formulas with nested conditions

e.g. =IF(sales>10000,"Bonus",IF(sales>5000,"OK","Push"))

Using VLOOKUP to pull data from another sheet or table

e.g. Look up customer name from order ID

Color cells based on rules (highlight, data bars, scales)

e.g. Red for overdue, green for paid invoices

Creating PivotTables to summarise large data

e.g. Total sales by region by month from 5,000 rows

Conditional aggregations like SUMIF, COUNTIFS

e.g. =SUMIF(region,"KL",sales) for KL total

Creating and customising charts that look professional

e.g. Monthly trend line chart with title + labels

Setting up dropdown lists and input rules

e.g. Only allow numbers between 0 and 100 in a cell

Using INDEX+MATCH or XLOOKUP instead of VLOOKUP

e.g. Look left, look right, look from any direction

Cleaning and combining messy data with Power Query

e.g. Combine 12 monthly CSV files into one clean table

Building interactive Pivot Charts with Slicers + Timelines

e.g. Dashboard where clicking 'Penang' filters everything

Using FILTER, UNIQUE, SORT, SEQUENCE — modern Excel 365

e.g. =FILTER(orders,region="KL") returns a live list

Recording macros or writing VBA to automate tasks

e.g. One-click button that formats and emails the report

Building executive-style dashboards with KPIs and visuals

e.g. One-page sales dashboard CEO can read in 30 seconds